Employment Discrimination Cases

The outcome of an employment discrimination case often depends on the quality of the statistical report provided to the court and on the clarity with which the expert testifies to it. The report must be methodologically and technically sound. It must apply the appropriate statistical techniques and it must apply them properly. And, if the quality of the report is to be appreciated, it must be presented to the court in a completely understandable way. Integral's reports and trial testimony consistently meet these very high standards. Our analyses easily withstand cross-examination because each assumption made and each estimation technique used is fully grounded in economic and statistical theory. Our confidence and clarity in the courtroom is based on this fact.

The Optimal Skill Set

We are Ph.D. labor economists and applied statisticians. This skill combination is optimal. Our training as labor economists provides us with the intellectual framework necessary to properly specify the key economic relationships governing employment and earnings, and our statistical training provides us with the techniques necessary to estimate these relationships accurately.

Over 20 Years of Courtroom Experience

Integral’s experts have prepared statistical analyses in connection with well over 100 employment discrimination cases and have earned a reputation for the highest-quality work. They have testified in numerous Title VII and ADEA cases in federal court and also appeared frequently in state court and in administrative proceedings.

 Clear and Understandable Testimony

Our expert economists excel at explaining technical matters simply and clearly. We know that a competent professional analysis is just the beginning of the expert’s work.  She must then explain the analysis and results to the court clearly, in plain every-day language. In other words, the expert must be a good teacher. Teaching has always been a large part of our work. As college faculty, we taught economics and statistics to under-graduate and graduate students. And today, as part of Integral's continuing legal education program, we routinely teach economics and statistics to employment law attorneys. Most have little or no background in either subject, but we are proud to say that their evaluation forms give us the highest grades for clarity.

Professional Objectivity

 As important as expertise and clarity are, the expert's ability to assure the court that the testimony presented is completely objective is just as important. The fact that each side of the case pays for its own expert naturally and rightfully encourages skepticism.  It is our conviction that there is only one solid assurance of an expert’s objectivity:  a history of working for both the plaintiff and defense sides and of employing the same basic statistical methodology in all cases. Integral’s experts have routinely worked for both sides and the public record shows that we’ve done so with perfect objectivity.